Ethereum's Fusaka Upgrade Highlights Sharding Technology Advancements

According to PANews, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has emphasized the significance of PeerDAS within Fusaka, describing it as a form of sharding technology. This innovation allows Ethereum to achieve block consensus without requiring individual nodes to examine extremely small portions of data. Utilizing a client-side probabilistic verification mechanism, it effectively resists 51% attacks without relying on validator voting. Sharding has been a goal for Ethereum since 2015, with data availability sampling becoming a target in 2017, which has now been achieved. However, there are three areas within Fusaka's sharding technology that remain incomplete. Firstly, while Layer 2 networks can handle O(c²) transactions (where c represents node computing power), Layer 1 networks cannot. To benefit Layer 1 scaling, mature zero-knowledge Ethereum virtual machines (ZK-EVMs) are required. Secondly, there is a proposer/builder bottleneck, as builders currently need to access all data to construct entire blocks, necessitating distributed block construction. Thirdly, there is no sharded memory pool, which is currently needed. Despite these challenges, this represents a significant advancement in blockchain design. Over the next two years, the team plans to refine the PeerDAS mechanism, cautiously expanding its scale while ensuring stability. This will enable Layer 2 network scaling, and once ZK-EVMs mature, it will be used for Layer 1 network gas scaling. Previously, Ethereum's mainnet successfully activated the Fusaka upgrade, significantly enhancing data processing capabilities.