According to Jin10, S&P Global Market Intelligence Chief Economist Joe Hayes said France's economy is showing signs of fragility. Political instability is not new for French businesses, but their concerns about the short-term economic outlook are now at their highest level since 2013, except for the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hayes said uncertainty remains elevated as next year's presidential election approaches. Service-sector price pressures have eased: prices charged rose only slightly, at a much slower pace than in September. By contrast, manufacturing inflation accelerated further, suggesting that the cost pass-through from the global energy crisis is so far mainly confined to goods rather than services.