Vitalik's proposed streamlined Ethereum minimal zkVM: highlights

After taking a quick look at Ethereum's streamlined consensus roadmap, I find it's indeed gaining momentum, as @VitalikButerin mentioned. Here are my highlights: 1) Ethereum's past iterations have been patchwork, resulting in a significant accumulation of technical debt. But this roadmap at least indicates a genuine "restart from the ground up," reminiscent of the boldness of the initial transition from Proof-of-Work (PoW) to Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain. They've even abandoned BLS elliptic curve signatures in favor of hash signatures. While BLS was instrumental in implementing the Beacon Chain, it's become the biggest cost and efficiency obstacle to full ZK migration. The goal is to make Ethereum truly ZK-native. 2) They're simultaneously exploring six ZkVM technology paths, not for general computing, but to optimize the "signature aggregation" scenario. SP1 (@SuccinctLabs), general-purpose OpenVM solutions, and specialized solutions like Binius and Hashcaster are all being advanced simultaneously. This effectively introduces a zkVM race, aiming to maximize the performance of Ethereum's zkVM. However, I noticed that the originator of zkVM, @RiscZero, seemed absent. Upon closer inspection, however, this makes sense: Risc Zero serves the larger general-purpose zkVM market, while Ethereum only needs to offer extreme customization in signature aggregation. With such a large scale, there's no need for specialized optimizations. 3) The staking threshold has been reduced from 32 ETH to 1 ETH, and block times have been reduced from 12 seconds to 4 seconds. These performance improvements are direct results of the hash signature + zkVM upgrade, further fulfilling Ethereum's mission of achieving higher performance on L1. But this raises a question: what's the point of general-purpose Layer 2s that are simply cheaper and more efficient? They only have one path: switching to a Specfic-Chain (a game chain, a payment chain?), or models like Rollup-Based, which will become mainstream. After all, as Layer 1 performance improves, it makes more sense to offload the Sequencer to Layer 1. Overall, I feel that Ethereum's streamlined consensus roadmap is similar to @solana's recent Alpenglow and Firedancer upgrades: both essentially achieve performance leaps through streamlined consensus. However, Ethereum's accumulated technical debt remains excessive, and it will require at least 4-5 years of restructuring.