Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that the Ethereum blockchain needs to better explain its functionality to users in order to achieve true trustlessness, a common challenge faced by all blockchain protocols. Trustlessness means the protocol can operate without developer oversight, as it automatically executes rules through code. However, if the protocol is too complex and only a few people can participate in its development, then in practice, others still need to trust the team. Ethereum has already achieved trustlessness because transactions and smart contracts are enforced by open-source code and a decentralized validator network, but the network still needs to improve user understanding, perhaps by simplifying the protocol.