Simply put, UTXO Stack is the "OP Stack + EigenLayer" of the Bitcoin ecosystem.

Under normal circumstances, the Cancun upgrade will be a turning point for the ZK ecosystem to catch up in all aspects and counterattack OP.

Mode Network is a modular Layer 2 based on OP Stack focusing on the Defi track. It adopts Optimism’s Bedrock upgrade and can reduce costs by more than 95% compared to the Ethereum main network.

Teams such as Bitlayer and Citrea adopted the BitVM bridge solution, introduced pre-signatures, and combined the idea of ​​channels, allowing users to limit the processing flow after deposit execution before officially depositing, and not giving the cross-chain bridge official the opportunity to misappropriate user deposits.

One of the best ways to implement zkEVM is through Polygon because of its strong business development capabilities.

With the help of technologies such as Taproot and BitVM, more complex off-chain contract verification and settlement can be achieved within DLC, while combined with the OP challenge mechanism, minimization of oracle trust can be achieved.

Bitlayer leads the BitVM-based Bitcoin second-layer solution, adopting layered virtual machine technology (Layered Virtual Machine), using zero-knowledge proof (zkp) and optimistic verification (op) mechanisms to support various types of calculations.