S&P Global Market Intelligence's Chief Economist, Joe Hayes, commented on June 1 that France's economic growth in April was short-lived, as anticipated. According to Jin10, the effect of pre-orders has faded, replaced by a decline in new business, reduced production, and decreased inventories. Supply chains are still adjusting to the volatility caused by the Middle East war and energy price shocks. For instance, compared to April, more French manufacturers faced delivery issues and rising input prices—pressures that may manifest as broader economic challenges in terms of rising commodity prices and supply issues in the coming months. Unfortunately, for heavily indebted countries like France, the policy tools available to effectively address the problems caused by such large-scale external shocks are limited.